Review—Pencil Graphite Electrode: An Emerging Sensing Material

Abstract

Pencil is one of the most widely used electrode material in electrochemical sensing of various organic and inorganic species with significant lower detection limit. Due to their lower background currents, superior sensitivity, reproducibility, amendable electroactive surface area, cost effective and ease of disposability, pencil graphite electrode has gain considerable attention in recent years. It signifies a viable substitute to other expensive traditional electrodes such as Glassy carbon, Gold, Boron-doped-diamond, platinum etc. This review addresses a wide overview of the characteristics, preparations, pre-treatment and application of bare PGE and in combination with other modifier as electrochemical sensors for the quantification of organic pollutants specifically pharmaceuticals and pesticides.