Endobronchial secretion of interleukin-13 following local allergen challenge in atopic asthma: Relationship to interleukin-4 and eosinophil counts

Abstract

We investigated the secretion of interleukin (IL)-13 into the airways in 10 mild allergic asthmatics by employing local allergen challenge, and compared the data both to IL-4 levels and eosinophil numbers obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Appropriate allergen or saline were endoscopically instilled into different airway segments, which were lavaged 10 min and 18 h after allergen or sham challenge. IL-4 and IL-13 were measured in unconcentrated BAL fluid using a double sandwich enzymes-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Endobronchial allergen challenge induced a highly significant increase in the numbers of eosinophils after 18 h in the allergen exposed segment. Ten minutes following allergen exposure, low levels of IL-4 and IL-13 could be detected, whilst concentrations of both cytokines were significantly raised 18 h following local allergen exposure. In contrast to IL-4, the concentration of IL-13 strongly correlated with the eosinophil numbers found 18 h post-allergen challenge. The results suggest that interleukin-13 is actively secreted during the late asthmatic response in mild asthmatic subjects. In view of its action on eosinophils and other cell types, we conclude that interleukin-13, in addition to interleukin-4, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of eosinophil-related inflammation, such as bronchial asthma.