Should GPS data be normalized for performance and fatigue monitoring in soccer? A theoretical–practical discussion on sprinting

Abstract

In the past decade global positioning systems (GPS) have become widely used by soccer teams, providing crucial data for performance and fatigue monitoring throughout the season. However, some of these data appear to lack practical significance, particularly concerning sprint definitions. In this context, we examine the advantages and challenges of using absolute and normalized speed thresholds for performance and fatigue monitoring. Currently, speed thresholds are primarily defined based on absolute values set by GPS device manufacturers, with sprinting typically classified at speeds exceeding 25.2 km/h. However, a literature review of various physiological and mechanical aspects related to sprint running and GPS technology suggests that the currently used thresholds may not accurately represent the actual sprint effort experienced by professional soccer players. Based on current scientific and practical evidence, the present discussion aims to analyze the key aspects of sprint thresholds and provide practical and relevant information for sports scientists and coaches in soccer.