Mechanical behavior of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) used for fabrication of mouthguards and interocclusal splints

Abstract

In the present investigation, an experimental dental arch model fabricated in epoxy was assayed in Kratos universal testing machine to tudy the mechanical behavior of ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in the form of mouthguard for sports and flat plate. The following variables were considered: thickness (3 and 4-mm plates), temperature (room and mouth temperature) and presence/absence of artificial saliva. Mechanical properties of EVA were tested under compressive strength: apparent absorbed energy (J.mm-1), maximum tension (N.mm-1), maximum dislocation (mm) and maximum strength (N). Data were recorded and modeled mathematically. Regarding the absorbed energy, maximum tension and maximum force, it was verified that the higher the thickness of the mouthguards, the better the results of force dissipation and redirection to the system and to several regions of the dental arch. In the presence of saliva and close to mouth temperature, the material responded positively to these alterations, resenting increased ductibility as well as improved mechanical responses. Regarding maximum dislocation, it was observed a better accommodation of the occlusion under conditions that simulate those observed in the oral environment. In conclusion, EVA proved to be an dequate material for fabrication of mouthguards and interocclusal splints. In addition, EVA showed good results in force dissipation and demonstrated a shockabsorbing capacity and a great protection potential.