Minimally invasive and surface electroporation delivery of DNA vaccines for the induction of robust humoral immune responses against HIV antigens

Abstract

Background: Clinical data from the HVTN-080 study demonstrated that intramuscular electroporation (EP) delivery of PENNVAX-B DNA vaccine and the plasmid adjuvant IL-12 generated strong antigen specific cellular immune responses in humans with nearly 90% response rate. We have now developed minimally invasive EP delivery technologies (MID-EP) to target dermal tissue and demonstrate their ability to generate strong antibody (Ab) responses in animal models with DNA antigens - including small pox, influenza, dengue - and have shown protection from viremia and lethality following challenge. Method(s): We demonstrate MID-EP delivery of consensus HIV gp140 antigens and show the generation of cross-clade neutralizing responses in guinea pigs and rabbits. These EP enhanced humoral responses were significantly broader and higher than naked DNA delivery alone or with a protein antigen. We demonstrated NAb titers against a broad panel of 15 Tier-1 HIV viruses from Clades A-D in the range of 20 -200 measured in the Tzm-Bl neutralization assay. The magnitude but not the breadth of the responses was boosted to 20-1000 range using a MID-EP DNA primeprotein boost regimen. Result(s): We further developed a surface EP device (SEP) for the simultaneous, but spatially segregated, delivery of multi-component HIV vaccines. The SEP device operates under substantially lower voltage parameters than conventional EP devices resulting in significant improvements in tolerability. The separation of multi-component HIV vaccines avoids potential issues with plasmid interference at the transcriptional or translational levels. SEP produces Ab responses comparable to the penetrating DNAEP devices. Conclusion(s): Our results suggest that MID/SEP electroporation devices offer safe, tolerable and potent methods to administer HIV DNA vaccinations in a prophylactic clinical setting. Combined with the design of novel HIV consensus based Env antigens these DNA-EP combination vaccines are suitable for further HIV vaccine product development.