Cohen's kappa for capturing discrimination

Abstract

Background: Identification of cut-off values for key biomarkers of clinical risk is a useful clinical tool. The kappa coefficient is a popular descriptive statistical measure for summarising the cross classification of two nominal variables with identical classes. On the basis of this definition, I propose that the kappa coefficient can also be used to capture discrimination, in the same way that the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is used in preventive epidemiology studies. Methods: The statistics were determined using Cohen's kappa statistics for a gold standard and a continuous biomarker. The proposed design is compared with the ROC curve by applying it to articles on the metabolic syndrome and a colon cancer clinical trial. Results: The two methods gave similar results. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulation results confirm that, from a power perspective, the proposed method is to be preferred. In general, the proposed method has higher power than the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for a study of positively correlative design. Conclusion: Overall, the power performance of the proposed method is better that that of the AUC. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.