Efficacy of simvastatin on carotid atherosclerotic plaque and its effects on serum inflammatory factors and cardiocerebrovascular events in elderly patients

Abstract

To investigate the efficacy of simvastatin on carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) and its effects on serum inflam- matory factors and cardiocerebrovascular events in elderly patients, 130 elderly patients with CAP were randomly divided into observation (n=65) and control groups (n=65). The control group was treated with 75 mg/day aspirin enteric-coated tablets, and the observation group was administered additional 20 mg/day simvastatin. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (evalu- ated via the endpoint method) were determined in both groups. Furthermore, the length, thickness and number of CAPs was measured using color Doppler ultrasonography. In addition, levels of inflammatory biomarkers including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide, D-dimer and fibrinogen, as well as change in microemboli count, were also compared After treatment, the observation group exhibited a signifi- cant reduction in size, thickness, and number of CAP and intima-media thickness compared with before treatment. However, no significant difference was found in the indica- tors of CAPs in the control group before and after treatment. The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipid cholesterol decreased, while high-density lipid choles- terol increased in the observation group after treatment, with notable changes in the observation group compared with in the control group. Overall response rate was higher in the obser- vation group compared with the control group. TNF-alpha, IL-6, and hs-CRP levels in the observation group decreased after treatment compared with those before treatment and those in the control group. Furthermore, the rate of microemboli posi- tivity was lower in the observation group than in the control group. Moreover, the overall incidence of acute cardiocerebro- vascular events was lower in the observation group than in the control group. Therefore, it was demonstrated that simvastatin can reduce blood lipid levels, decrease the quantity and size of plaques, alleviate inflammatory response, reduce microemboli formation and reduce the risk of cardiocerebrovascular events in elderly patients with CAP. Copyright © 2021 Spandidos Publications. All rights reserved.