Green magnetic snail shell hydroxyapatite sorbent for reliable solid-phase extraction of pesticides from water samples

Abstract

To address sustainability issues, the green synthesis of nanomaterials has recently received considerable attention. This article addresses a novel and cost-effective adsorbent for the extraction of eight phenyl-N-methylcarbamate insecticides from water samples. We first synthesized a magnetite/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite using snail shell powder via an environmental friendly approach. The morphology and physicochemical properties of magnetic hydroxyapatite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Magnetic extraction parameters were optimized using a Doehlert matrix. Under optimum conditions, the magnetic extraction coupled with a LC–MS method shows good linearity with R2 ≥ 0.9982, suitable intra- and interday precision, and limits of detection and quantification in the range of 0.052–0.093 μg/L and 0.11–0.31 μg/L, respectively. Satisfactory relative recoveries of all carbamates were achieved from fortified water samples in the range of 93.89–101.01%.