Product design for automated remanufacturing—a case study of electric and electronic equipment in sweden

Abstract

Remanufacturing is one of the main practices toward a circular economy and industrial sustainability. Remanufacturing is highly dependent on how circular products are designed and developed. Remanufacturing can also benefit from automation for efficiency, accuracy and flexibil-ity. This paper, via a multiple case study, connects the three areas of remanufacturing, product design and automation and investigates how circular product design can facilitate automation reman-ufacturing processes. First, circular product design guidelines are discussed with regard to reman-ufacturing. Second, potential areas for automation at three remanufacturers of electric and electronic equipment are pinpointed. Finally, design guidelines are connected to the identified potential automation areas in each remanufacturing process and discussed together. According to our results, the main incentives for automating remanufacturing processes are mainly related to the work environ-ment, efficiency and quality. In addition, several design guidelines can facilitate automated reman-ufacturing processes; for instance, the standardization of components, fasteners and remanufactur-ing tools across different models and brands can also facilitate automated remanufacturing, where products can easily and nondestructively be disassembled by a robot or a machine.