The Medical Importance of Sodium and Potassium

Abstract

Sodium is the most abundant extracellular cation in the human body and is the main component of the interstitial fluid. Potassium is the major cation in the cytoplasm and contributes about 75% to the cell cations. Sodium plays a critical role in controlling blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume. It plays an essential role in the resting potential of the heart before the initiation of the action potential. sodium is essential for the transmission of nerve impulses and in muscle contractility and ultimately neuromuscular function. Potassium is an important facilitator of nerve impulse conduction. proper hydration and acid-base balances. aldosterone and other hormonal mediators control the final renal adjustments for how much sodium is retained or potassium is secreted. There is an increasing possibility of designing molecules that will rid the body of excess sodium or those that stimulate the retention of potassium.