Zeatin and thidiazuron induced embryogenic calli from in vitro leaf and stem of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis)

Abstract

Background and Objective: Jojoba is a promising industrial plant, which recommended with pharmaceutical benefits. The present study was conducted to stimulate embryogenic calli formation from jojoba using zeatin and thidiazuron (TDZ), as well as determination of the antioxidant activity of proliferated calli. Materials and Methods: For callus induction, leaf and stem explants derived from in vitro grown shootlets, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different combinations of 0.5 mg LG1 benzyl adenine (BA) or kinetin with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and picloram at 0.5 or 1mg LG1. To stimulate embryogenic calli, friable callus were transferred to woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with different concentrations of zeatin or TDZ. Antioxidant activity of different treatments was determined using hexane or petroleum ether extraction. Data was analyzed as mean±standard deviation (SD). Results: The MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg LG1 BA+0.5 or 1 mg LG1 picloram was the best treatment to obtain friable calli from both explants types. WPM medium supplemented with 2 mg LG1 zeatin gave the highest percentage of embryogenic calli derived from leaf explants. While the highest percentage of embryogenic calli derived from stem explants was registered using 1 or 4 mg LG1 TDZ containing medium. Embryogenic calli originated from leaves explants on 1.5 mg LG1 zeatin showed promising activity of antioxidant with hexane extraction. However, embryogenic calli originated from stem explants on 1 mg LG1 TDZ showed the highest antioxidant activity with petroleum ether extraction. Conclusion: TDZ has promising effect on embryogenic callus induction from stem explants. While, zeatin has promising effect on embryogenic callus induction from leaf explants.