Metabolomic Effects and Their Relationship with Intracellular/Extracellular Concentrations of Casiopeinas® in Triple-Negative Mesenchymal Breast Cancer

Abstract

Metal-based compounds, known as metallodrugs, offer promising alternatives for cancers with limited treatment options, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Casiopeinas®, a family of copper-based compounds, have shown anticancer and antiproliferative effects both in vitro and in vivo. However, their long-term effects, particularly on metabolic pathways related to invasion and metastasis, remain unknown. This study addresses the sustained impact of Casiopeina IIIia (CasIIIia) and Casiopeina IIgly (CasIIgly) on TNBC cell metabolism, as well as their relationship with intra- and extracellular copper concentrations associated with these compounds. Our results revealed effects on several pathways, including those related to amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism and energy production, all of which are involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. These metabolic changes were accompanied by progressive intracellular accumulation of Casiopeinas®, suggesting a relationship between the concentration and their metabolic effects. These findings suggest that Casiopeinas® could be a promising therapeutic option for TNBC treatment.