No Mediation Effect of Telomere Length or Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number on the Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Central Arterial Stiffness

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Previous reports have suggested that accelerated biological aging—indexed by telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn)—may contribute to associations between ACEs and cardiovascular health outcomes. Here, we examine the potential mediating effects of TL and mtDNAcn on the association between ACEs and central arterial stiffness—an intermediate cardiovascular health outcome—as a novel pathway linking ACEs to CVD risk among young adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-five (n=102 women; mean age, 22.5±1.5 years) individuals provided infor-mation on ACEs. TL (kb per diploid cell) and mtDNAcn (copies per diploid cell) were quantified using quantitative polymer-ase chain reaction techniques. Central arterial stiffness was measured as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV; m/s). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations between ACEs, TL, mtDNAcn, and cfPWV. ACEs were positively associated with cfPWV (β=0.147, P=0.035). TL (β=−0.170, P=0.011) and mtDNAcn (β=−0.159, P=0.019) were inversely associated with cfPWV. Neither TL (β=−0.027, P=0.726) nor mtDNAcn (β=0.038, P=0.620) was associated with ACEs. Neither marker mediated the association between ACEs and cfPWV. CONCLUSIONS: An increasing number of ACEs were associated with a faster cfPWV and thus, a greater degree of central arterial stiffness. ACEs were not associated with either TL or mtDNAcn, suggesting that these markers do not represent a mediating pathway linking ACEs to central arterial stiffness.