A BRIEF CRITICAL REVIEW OF SIGMODONTINE RODENT ORIGINS, WITH EMPHASIS ON PALEONTOLOGICAL DATA

Abstract

Most of the contemporary debate about the origin and early diversification of sigmodontine rodents, the most diverse living subfamily of cricetids, is based on the analysis of molecular evidence. In order to promote interest and highlight the importance of fossil evidence, we conducted a critical review of the paleontological record for this group of rodents. Thus, the Mio-Pliocene genera that have been associated directly or indirectly with the origin of the Sigmodontinae are reviewed. Although Honeymys (Oklahoma and Nebraska, USA, Clarendonian, late Miocene) has been tentatively associated with the origin of the Sigmodontinae, the oldest reliable records for the subfamily in North America are around 5 Ma, if Prosigmodon is considered a sigmodontine (a hypothesis not free of controversy). For South America, poorly-known and fragmentary evidence suggests a first occurrence of sigmodontines towards the late Huayquerian (latest Miocene), although the oldest assemblage with some diversity is from the Montehermosan (early Pliocene). For both North and South America, the most relevant findings, their refined chronological locations, as well as a detail of the main taxonomic problems associated with each one, are discussed. All this information is integrated, in a final section, with that derived from molecular phylogenies. As a guide for future phylogenetic studies based on molecular evidence, several fossils are suggested for calibrations.