The role of AI applications in production and operations management: complementing or replacing human labour

Abstract

This study aims to assess the role of artificial intelligence (AI) within the production and operations management (POM) framework and its related fields. It explores AI applications in POM to determine whether they complement or replace human roles in the future. A literature-based content analysis was conducted, examining peer-reviewed publications from the past five years across key areas such as optimisation and automation, quality control, supply chain management, inventory management, and AI-driven robotics. The findings highlight AI applications and their benefits within POM, along with AI’s academic progress across various industries. The study demonstrates how AI can either complement or replace human efforts. Additionally, it outlines best practices for organisations, emphasising change management strategies and supportive leadership when adopting AI-driven solutions. This study contributes to both academia and industry by summarising recent AI applications within a specific business function, serving as a foundational resource for scholars and professionals alike.