Bright Gamma-Ray Flares Observed in GRB 131108A

Abstract

GRB 131108A is a bright long gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected by the Large Area Telescope and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope . Dedicated temporal and spectral analyses reveal three γ -ray flares dominating above 100 MeV, which are not directly related to the prompt emission in the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor band (10 keV–10 MeV). The high-energy light curve of GRB 131108A (100 MeV–10 GeV) shows an unusual evolution: a steep decay, followed by three flares with an underlying emission, and then a long-lasting decay phase. The detailed analysis of the γ -ray flares finds that the three flares are 6–20 times brighter than the underlying emission and are similar to each other. The fluence of each flare, (1.6 ∼ 2.0) × 10 −6 erg cm −2 , is comparable to that of emission during the steep decay phase, 1.7 × 10 −6 erg cm −2 . The total fluence from three γ -ray flares is 5.3 × 10 −6 erg cm −2 . The three γ -ray flares show properties similar to the usual X-ray flares that are sharp flux increases, occurring in ∼50% of afterglows, in some cases well after the prompt emission. Also, the temporal and spectral indices during the early steep decay phase and the decaying phase of each flare show the consistency with a relation of the curvature effect ( α ˆ  = 2 + β ˆ ), which is the first observational evidence of the high-latitude emission in the GeV energy band.