Theoretical Aerodynamic Performance and FEA Analysis of a Novel Three-Blade Savonius Wind Turbine Blade with Pointed Deflectors

Abstract

Global climate change has renewed interest in wind energy adoption and integration for on-grid and off-grid applications. Savonius wind turbines offer substantial advantages for small-scale energy generation in low-wind speed conditions, like urban environments, but suffer from low efficiency. This study focused on the numerical characterization of a novel compact three-blade Savonius rotor design with modified pointed deflectors to promote better flow attachment and enhance airflow guidance directionality. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to identify the flow characteristics and optimal tip speed ratios for maximum power and torque coefficients under two different uniform low-wind-speed conditions. A Finite Element Analysis-Computational Fluid Dynamics (FEA-CFD) coupled analysis method was also utilized to determine the aerodynamic and structural characteristics of the design in ABS plastic. Flow visualization and FEA-CFD coupled analysis highlighted the novel tip deflectors’ exceptional performance in directing wind flow and pressure toward the concave side of the approaching blades, enhancing drag differential and rotor efficiency. Modest power and low torque coefficients and the optimal TSR values under different uniform low-wind-speed conditions were also identified. The work provided valuable insights on the turbine performance of the novel design and guidance on potential future improvements.