Nutrition and chronic wound care: from assessment to personalised interventions

Abstract

Aim To investigate the impact of nutritional factors on chronic wound care and explore the challenges and potential benefits of integrating nutritional interventions into wound management. Methods This review investigates the influence of macronutrients, micronutrients, and hydration on chronic wound care, evaluating the impact of malnutrition on wound healing and the efficacy of nutritional interventions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords pertinent to nutrition and chronic wound care. Studies published in English from 2010 onwards were prioritised, with earlier landmark studies considered when relevant. Results Nutritional assessment tools are crucial for identifying deficiencies in patients with chronic wounds. Multi-nutrient oral formulations enriched with protein, arginine, zinc, and antioxidants, along with vitamin C and D supplements, have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing wound healing outcomes. The benefits include reduced healing times, decreased ulcer size, and increased closure rates. However, implementation faces challenges related to systemic barriers, resource constraints and patient adherence. Conclusion Addressing implementation challenges requires strategies. Future research should focus on developing personalised nutritional strategies for individuals with chronic wounds. Integrating evidence-based nutritional interventions into wound care protocols can significantly improve healing outcomes, reduce healthcare costs and enhance patients’ quality of life.