Ecology of kelp communities.

Abstract

Describes the physical environment of shallow subtidal rocky habitats in temperate coastal areas dominated by large brown algae in the orders Laminariales (the true kelps) and Fucales. Brief comments are made on productivity, especially of Macrocystis and Laminaria populations. Population dynamics and life history are reviewed, and the dynamics of patches (kelp forests characterised by guilds with different canopy adaptations) are reported, with particular reference to stability and adaptive tactics. Dispersal is seen as the most important feature integrating population dynamics, life history and patch dynamics. The consequences of grazing on kelp are indicated, noting different suites of herbivores at different life history stages. Temporal and spatial variability are noted. Disruption and recovery of kelp communities are described. Biogeographical patterns are shown, with convergence to 5 canopy guilds demonstrated. Examples are mainly drawn from the kelp forests of the NE Pacific coastline. -P.J.Jarvis