Biomass Resource Management and Increasing the Yield of Biogas Production in the Farm: A Review

Abstract

Anaerobic digestion (AD) converts animal and agricultural waste into biogas, offering significant benefits for waste management and renewable energy production. It enhances energy security, reduces dependence on imports, and mitigates greenhouse gas emissions. Despite its potential, AD faces challenges that require improved policies, investments, and training. Technological advancements, such as nanotechnology, can further increase biogas production, while byproducts like biofertilizer contribute to farm profitability. However, pathogens in animal waste (AW), such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, pose public health risks through contamination of water, food, and surfaces. Efficient management of livestock waste is essential to reduce environmental impacts, and the proper pricing of natural resources, including land, water, and landfills, is crucial for sustainability. The benefits of biogas include energy generation, waste reduction, pathogen elimination, and the conversion of organic waste into high-quality fertilizer, which supports agricultural productivity. However, challenges remain, such as smallscale technology, impurities, temperature sensitivity, and limited applicability in urban areas. To improve economic feasibility, the fermentation process can be conducted in controlled environments using digestion tanks. This study explores strategies for effective biomass resource management, focusing on optimizing biogas production and its by-product utilization for sustainable energy development.