Gynecologic Issues in the Pediatric and Adolescent Patient with Cancer

Abstract

Survival rates for children and adolescents with cancer have increased dramatically over the past 25 years. However, many of these therapies also result in short- and long-term adverse effects. In girls and young women, it is important to recognize the possible effects of oncologic treatments on their reproductive health and development including early or delayed puberty, diminished or complete loss of ovarian function, and infertility. There are several options for preserving fertility prior to cancer treatment that are becoming more readily available. The individual-planned treatments should be evaluated for risk of gonadal effects. This should be discussed with the patient and family in advance of starting treatment whenever possible, so they may reach an informed decision regarding fertility preservation. As with all adolescents, it is important to discuss issues of sexual health and contraception; however, this is especially important during active cancer treatment as available options may differ somewhat and individual cases must be evaluated. Finally, survivors of childhood cancer will need routine gynecologic evaluation and subsequent treatment of any ovarian insufficiency, infertility, and sexual dysfunction that occur as long-term effects of cancer care. This care is best accomplished in conjunction with a pediatric endocrinologist and/or gynecologist. Copyright © 2016, Springer International Publishing AG.