Zuwanderer auf dem arbeitsmarkt: Nationalitäten- und geschlechtsspezifische unterschiede

Abstract

In this paper the labor market opportunities of migrant workers coming from former Yugoslavia, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Turkey are analysed. These analyses are based on a public use file of the official IAB employment sample. Labor market opportunities differ considerably by gender and nationality. Turkish immigrants can be found in unskilled and semi-skilled occupations above the average of all immigrant groups. In contrast the employment profile of immigrants from former Yugoslavia and Spain is close to that of the German labor force. Foreign women are more often concentrated in low skill positions than are foreign men. In the female labor force the same nationality specific differences can be observed as in the case of the male labor force. There are significant differences between foreign and German workers in regard to their employment structure. The chief domain of foreign employees lies in unskilled and semi-skilled industrial occupations. However a certain upward mobility to more favorable labor market positions has been observed. In particular, new entrants to the labor market can be found more often in positions as skilled workers. Those immigrants who have gone through the "dual system" of vocational training have good opportunities for job advancement. By means of an event history analysis (piecewise constant exponential model) it was possible to show that for this group no significant differences vis-à-vis German entrants to the labor force can be found in regard to occupational changes and unemployment.