The effect of nutritional and physical factors on the growth of Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd and its mycochemical and cytotoxic properties

Abstract

Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd is an agaricomycetous fungi characterized by its fan-shaped or shelf-like fruiting bodies with a thin leathery and velvety upper surface that displays concentric bands of brown-black and white color and undersurface cap features with numerous tiny spores. In this study, the culture conditions for the mycelial growth as well as fruiting body production was established. The mycochemical compositions and the cytotoxic activity were also elucidated. Optimization study of the secondary mycelia shows that T. versicolor grew well on malt extract agar (MEA), potato dextrose agar (PDA), and coconut water gulaman (CWG) culture media. In terms of pH of the medium, pH 6.0 to 8.0 supports the best mycelial growth. On the other hand, sealed, lighted conditions incubated at 25 to 32 °C were the requirements for the optimum growth of T. versicolor. After 37 d incubation, the fruiting body production of T. versicolor was determined. T. versicolor produced 37.68 g bag−1 which is equivalent to 7.65% biological efficiency (BE) on a substrate consisting of rice straw and sawdust at a 7:3 ratio by volume. Moreover, qualitative mycochemical analysis of the aqueous extract of T. versicolor revealed the presence of different mycochemicals such as terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. In terms of the cytotoxic effect of T. versicolor, the LC50 values of ethanol and methanol extracts were calculated, showing that they had a high toxicity level of 70.93 and 74.43 µg/ml, respectively against brine shrimp nauplii after 24 h of incubation. Overall, the optimum culture condition for mycelial growth and fruiting body production, mycochemical compounds, and cytotoxic effect of T. versicolor tabulated in this study provide significant data that elucidated the value of this mushroom in the pharmaceutical industries.