China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Infrastructure Development in Nigeria: Unveiling a Paradigm Shift or Repackaging of Failed Ventures?

Abstract

This paper assesses the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on infrastructure development in Nigeria. It addresses the fundamental question: Has BRI succeeded where previous Chinese projects in Nigeria failed? The study utilises a historical analysis to compare the implementation of previous Chinese projects in Nigeria, such as the oil-for-infrastructure deal, with those under the BRI. Drawing from the theory of complex interdependency, the study analyses how the BRI strategy has not only helped address Nigeria's infrastructure deficit but also enabled China to export its excess industrial capacity and provide overseas employment for its citizens. Methodologically, the study employed multiple data collection methods, utilising both primary and secondary data through key informant interviews and documented sources. Based on the findings, the paper concludes that, unlike past Chinese projects in Nigeria which were characterised by delays and, in most cases, abandonment due to funding shortages and policy inconsistency, the BRI has achieved tangible results where previous ones failed.