Classification of routing protocols based on routing metrics in cognitive radio AD HOC networks

Abstract

Cognitive radio ad hoc networks are opportunistic networks, which utilize licensed spectrum. The spectrum assigning authority has divided the spectrum in to two regions: licensed and unlicensed. The unlicensed bands are clogged while licensed bands are underutilized. So unlicensed traffic needs to be shifted to unused licensed portion of the spectrum. Henceforth, Cognitive Radio Networks are proposed. These networks were having an infrastructure just like base station in cellular network. Cognitive radio ad hoc network are special wireless ad hoc networks having cognitive capability. In these networks, devices are able to adapt according to the environment. These devices are designed to operate in different frequency ranges. Routing data in this kind of network is a bit challenging due to its different nature. This paper discusses these challenges in detail. Later a detailed discussion is presented on the existing approaches used to handle these challenges. A clear & concise analysis of every approaches is preformed which leads to identification of merits & demerits of each of these approach. Lastly, identification of various routing metrics which need to be considered while designing a new routing protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks has been made.