Quantum super-resolution imaging: A review and perspective

Abstract

Quantum super-resolution imaging provides a nonlabeling method to surpass the diffraction limit of imaging systems. This technique relies on measurement of the second-order correlation function and usually employs spatially entangled photon sources. We introduce recent methods that achieve spatial resolution enhancement through quantum approaches, particularly the imaging techniques utilizing biphoton states. The fundamental mechanisms are discussed in detail to explain why biphoton states enable super-resolution. Additionally, we introduce multiple algorithms that extract the correlation function from the readings of two-dimensional detectors. Several cases are reviewed to evaluate the advantages and prospects of quantum imaging, along with a discussion of practical developments and potential applications.