Universal features of the excitation spectrum in a generalized Gibbs distribution ensemble

Abstract

It is shown that excitation spectra of generalized Gibbs ensembles of one-dimensional integrable models with isotopic symmetry contain universal features insensitive to details of the distribution. Namely, the low energy limit of the subsystem of isotopic (for instance, spin) excitations is described by the effective action of a ferromagnet at thermodynamic equilibrium with a single temperature and with the stiffness determined by the initial conditions. The condition of universality is that the entropy per excited particle is small. © 2012 American Physical Society.