Predictors of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with acute venous thrombo-embolism: The SWIss Venous ThromboEmbolism Registry (SWIVTER)

Abstract

Aims: Although acute venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) often afflicts patients with advanced age, the predictors of in-hospital mortality for elderly VTE patients are unknown. Methods and results: Among 1247 consecutive patients with acute VTE from the prospective SWIss Venous ThromboEmbolism Registry (SWIVTER), 644 (52%) were elderly (≥65 years of age). In comparison to younger patients, the elderly more often had pulmonary embolism (PE) (60 vs. 42%; P < 0.001), cancer (30 vs. 20%; P < 0.001), chronic lung disease (14 vs. 8%; P = 0.001), and congestive heart failure (12 vs. 2%; P< 0.001). Elderly VTE patients were more often hospitalized (75 vs. 52%; P< 0.001), and there was no difference in the use of thrombolysis, catheter intervention, or surgical embolectomy between the elderly and younger PE patients (5 vs. 6%; P = 0.54), despite a trend towards a higher rate of massive PE in the elderly (8 vs. 4%; P = 0.07). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 6.6% in the elderly vs. 3.2% in the younger VTE patients (P = 0.033). Cancer was associated with in-hospital death both in the elderly [hazard ratio (HR) 4.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.32-10.38; P< 0.001] and in the younger patients (HR 4.90, 95% CI 1.37-17.59; P = 0.015); massive PE was a predictor of in-hospital death in the elderly only (HR 3.77, 95% CI 1.63-8.74; P = 0.002). Conclusion: Elderly patients had more serious VTE than younger patients, and massive PE was particularly life-threatening in the elderly. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2011.