Adaptation of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Low Phosphorus Availability

Abstract

The focus of this review is on the recent approaches taken to understand the adaptation of P. vulgaris to low P availability. Genetic variation in bean yields in low-P tropical soils and the evolution of bean adaptation to low-P in diverse environments is discussed. The progress and problems in breeding P-efficient beans are highlighted and the potential of molecular markers for selection of P efficiency is reviewed along with possible physiological mechanisms of P utilization efficiency (such as reduced tissue P requirement, phenology, seed P reserves, root exudates and mycorrhizal symbiosis). Plasticity as an important root trait in relation to P utilization efficiency i.e. the ability to sense and respond to localized or temporary changes in P availability is highlighted with the need for a multidisciplinary approach towards the development of P-efficient bean cultivars