Cytotoxicity Assay of Andrographolide Isolated from Sambiloto Herb [Andrographis paniculata (burm.f.)] against Lung Cancer A-549 and Prostate Cancer DU-145 Cell Lines

Abstract

Lung and prostate cancer have high prevalence rates worldwide, including in Indonesia. Therefore, exploring alternative drug therapies, particularly those from natural sources in the form of extracts or isolates with relatively low side effects, is necessary. One natural substance exhibiting cytotoxic activity is sambiloto [Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.)]. This plant contains the bioactive compound andrographolide, known for its cytotoxic activity. This study was performed to examine the cytotoxicity of andrographolide isolates against the A-549 lung cancer cell line and the DU-145 prostate cancer cell line. The cytotoxicity test was conducted in vitro using the resazurin reduction method using PrestoBlue™ reagent. Eight concentration series with a 1:2 ratio were employed, ranging from 1,000 ppm to 7.81 ppm, with doxorubicin HCl and cisplatin as the positive control for A-549 and DU-145, respectively. The cytotoxicity parameter IC50 was measured using GraphPad Prism version 8 software. The study results showed moderate cytotoxicity properties of andrographolide isolates with IC50 values of 47.28 μg/mL for A-549 and 49.35 μg/mL for DU-145 cancer cell lines, respectively. Despite showing weaker values than the ones in positive controls, the moderate cytotoxicity could be further explored in cancer research. Further investigations are warranted to fully ascertain the therapeutic potential of andrographolide, which makes it a compelling candidate for future anticancer studies.