Investigating Validity and Reliability of Early Screening for Autistic Traits-Persian Version (ESAT-PV) in Toddlers

Abstract

Objective Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that increases in its degree of prevalence on a day-to-day basis . Due to the many problems that the disorder brings to the table for children, families, and society as a whole, its early screening, early diagnosis, and preparing early intervention for this group of children is of extreme relevance. Although many countries have put to use tools designed to screen ASD, Iran has not standardized any tool for this important job. One of the most reliable tools in recent years designed to screen traits of ASD in toddlers is the Early Screening for Autistic Traits (ESAT). Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the ESAT-Persian Version (ESAT-PV) among toddlers. Materials & Methods This research is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in order to standardize and validate the Persian version of ESAT. The population of the research included all children with ASD in the city of Isfahan. The sample included 72 toddlers selected using the convenience sampling method. After investigat-ing and calculating the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI), like the developers of the main version of the questionnaire did, the mothers participating in the study were asked to answer ESAT-PV questions based on the characteristics of their own children at the age of 14 months. The construct validity was convergent and it was with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and using the Spearman correlation coefficient . Criterion validity was tested by way of comparison of children with and without ASD. To determine the internal consistency of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, and to determine its test-retest reliability, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was employed. The data were analyzed using SPSS-22. Results The maximum and minimum of CVER were estimated to be 1 and 0.8, respectively, and CVI was 0.91. The correlation coefficient of Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and ESAT-PV was 0.56 and that of Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and ESAT-PV was 0.61. In addition, there was a significant dif-ference between the mean scores of ESAT-PV in the two groups of children with or without ASD (t=54.17 P=0.001). Cronbach's α coefficient was in the range of 0.73 to 0.77 for questions, and Cronbach's coefficient α for the total scale was 0.76. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was in the range of 0.93 to 0.77 for ques-tions, and ICC for the total scale was 0.92. Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that the ESAT-PV enjoys acceptable validity and reliabil-ity and can be applied as a clinical and research instrument for screening autism in toddlers. These results are important because through the investigating and approval psychometric properties of ESAT-PV, opera-tion the concepts of early screening . Thereafter, interested researchers could use ESAT-PV in different groups for identification and screening of ADD. In addition, recommend to rehabilitation experts, psychologists and psychiatrists, with early screening characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in toddlers and acting for the development, implementation and evaluation of the results of early educational and rehabilitation interven-tions, and thus, be useful in reducing the cost of family and community. Use your device to scan and read the article online 3 ‫شماره‬ . 18 ‫دوره‬ . 1396 ‫پاییز‬ 183 ‫اوتیسم‬ ‫های‬ ‫ویژگی‬ ‫زودهنگام‬ ‫غربالگری‬ ‫نامه‬ ‫پرسش‬ ‫فارسی‬ ‫نسخه‬ ‫پایایی‬ ‫و‬ ‫روایی‬ ‫بررسی‬ ‫نوپا‬ ‫کودکان‬ ‫در‬)ESAT-PV(‫که‬ ‫زیادی‬ ‫مشکالت‬ ‫به‬ ‫توجه‬ ‫با‬ .‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫تر‬ ‫شایع‬ ‫روز‬ ‫روزبه‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫پیچیده‬ ‫رشدی‬ ‫عصبی‬ ‫اختالالت‬ ‫از‬ ‫یکی‬ ،‫اوتیسم‬ ‫طیف‬ ‫اختالل‬ ‫هدف‬ ‫این‬ ‫برای‬ ‫بهنگام‬ ‫مداخالت‬ ‫ارائه‬ ‫و‬ ‫زودهنگام‬ ‫تشخیص‬ ‫و‬ ‫غربالگری‬ ‫ضرورت‬ ،‫آورد‬ ‫می‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫به‬ ‫جامعه‬ ‫و‬ ‫خانواده‬ ،‫کودک‬ ‫برای‬ ‫اختالل‬ ‫این‬ ‫شده‬ ‫ساخته‬ ‫و‬ ‫طراحی‬ ‫اوتیسم‬ ‫طیف‬ ‫اختالل‬ ‫غربالگری‬ ‫برای‬ ‫بسیاری‬ ‫ابزارهای‬ ،‫مختلف‬ ‫کشورهای‬ ‫در‬ .‫دارد‬ ‫ای‬ ‫ویژه‬ ‫اهمیت‬ ‫کودکان‬ ‫از‬ ‫گروه‬ ‫به‬ ‫اخیر‬ ‫های‬ ‫سال‬ ‫در‬ ‫که‬ ‫ابزارهایی‬ ‫معتبرترین‬ ‫و‬ ‫جدیدترین‬ ‫از‬ ‫یکی‬ .‫است‬ ‫نشده‬ ‫ساخته‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫این‬ ‫برای‬ ‫ابزاری‬ ‫ایران‬ ‫در‬ ‫حال‬ ‫این‬ ‫با‬ ‫است؛‬ ‫اوتیسم‬ ‫های‬ ‫ویژگی‬ ‫زودهنگام‬ ‫غربالگری‬ ‫نامه‬ ‫پرسش‬ ،‫است‬ ‫شده‬ ‫طراحی‬ ‫نوپا‬ ‫کودکان‬ ‫در‬ ‫اوتیسم‬ ‫طیف‬ ‫اختالل‬ ‫صفات‬ ‫غربالگری‬ ‫منظور‬ ‫اوتیسم‬ ‫های‬ ‫ویژگی‬ ‫زودهنگام‬ ‫غربالگری‬ ‫نامه‬ ‫پرسش‬ ‫فارسی‬ ‫نسخه‬ ‫پایایی‬ ‫و‬ ‫روایی‬ ‫بررسی‬ ‫حاضر‬ ‫پژوهش‬ ‫هدف‬ ،‫اساس‬ ‫این‬ ‫بر‬ .‫است‬)ESAT(.‫نوپاست‬ ‫کودکان‬ ‫در‬)ESAT-PV(‫طیف‬ ‫اختالل‬ ‫با‬ ‫کودکان‬ ،‫پژوهش‬ ‫آماری‬ ‫جامعه‬ .‫است‬ ‫اعتبارسنجی‬ ‫و‬ ‫استانداردسازی‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫از‬ ‫مقطعی‬ ‫ای‬ ‫مطالعه‬ ‫حاضر‬ ‫پژوهش‬ ‫بررسی‬ ‫روش‬ ‫و‬ ‫بررسی‬ ‫از‬ ‫پس‬ .‫شدند‬ ‫انتخاب‬ ‫دسترس‬ ‫در‬ ‫گیری‬ ‫نمونه‬ ‫روش‬ ‫به‬ ‫که‬ ‫بود‬ ‫کودک‬ 72 ‫شامل‬ ،‫پژوهش‬ ‫نمونه‬ .‫بودند‬ ‫اصفهان‬ ‫شهر‬ ‫در‬ ‫اوتیسم‬ ‫کننده‬ ‫شرکت‬ ‫مادران‬ ‫از‬ ‫نامه‬ ‫پرسش‬ ‫اصلی‬ ‫نسخه‬ ‫سازندگان‬ ‫مشابه‬ ،)CVI(‫محتوایی‬ ‫روایی‬ ‫شاخص‬ ‫و‬)CVR(‫محتوایی‬ ‫روایی‬ ‫نسبت‬ ‫محاسبه‬ ‫لیست‬ ‫چک‬ ‫با‬ ‫همگرا‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫از‬ ‫سازه‬ ‫روایی‬ .‫دهند‬ ‫پاسخ‬ ESAT-PV ‫سؤاالت‬ ‫به‬ ،‫ماهگی‬ 14 ‫در‬ ‫کودکشان‬ ‫های‬ ‫ویژگی‬ ‫اساس‬ ‫بر‬ ‫تا‬ ‫شد‬ ‫خواسته‬ ‫همبستگی‬ ‫ضریب‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫با‬ ‫و‬)CARS(‫کودکی‬ ‫دوران‬ ‫در‬ ‫اوتیسم‬ ‫ارزیابی‬ ‫مقیاس‬ ‫و‬)M-CHAT(‫نوپا‬ ‫کودکان‬ ‫در‬ ‫اوتیسم‬ ‫شده‬ ‫ویرایش‬)‫نفر‬ 30(‫اوتیسم‬ ‫طیف‬ ‫اختالل‬ ‫با‬ ‫کودکان‬ ‫همتای‬ ‫های‬ ‫گروه‬ ‫مقایسه‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫از‬ ،‫مالکی‬ ‫روایی‬ ‫بررسی‬ ‫در‬ ‫آماری‬ ‫تحلیل‬ ‫منظور‬ ‫به‬ .‫بود‬ ‫اسپیرمن‬ ‫بندی‬ ‫(درجه‬ ‫ارزیاب‬ ‫درون‬ ‫اعتبار‬ ‫با‬ ،)‫هفته‬ ‫دو‬ ‫فاصله‬ ‫(به‬ ‫بازآزمون‬ ‫آزمون‬ ‫پایایی‬ .‫شد‬ ‫استفاده‬ T ‫آزمون‬ ‫از‬ ،)‫نفر‬ 30(‫طبیعی‬ ‫رشد‬ ‫با‬ ‫کودکان‬ ‫و‬ ‫کرونباخ‬ α ‫ضریب‬ ‫محاسبه‬ ‫شیوه‬ ‫به‬ ‫درونی‬ ‫همسانی‬ ‫و‬)ICC(‫ای‬ ‫طبقه‬ ‫درون‬ ‫همبستگی‬ ‫ضریب‬ ‫روش‬ ‫به‬)‫مختلف‬ ‫زمان‬ ‫دو‬ ‫در‬ ‫ارزیاب‬ ‫یک‬ .‫شد‬ ‫وتحلیل‬ ‫تجزیه‬ SPSS 22 ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫با‬ ‫نیز‬ ‫ها‬ ‫داده‬ .‫شد‬ ‫انجام‬