Genotypic Diversity of HPV in Adult Women: A Multisectoral Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide, and its persistence is closely associated with the development of cervical cancer. In Ecuador, particularly in areas with high ethnic diversity and health inequalities such as the province of Esmeraldas, updated information on the circulation of HPV genotypes is needed to guide preventive strategies. This study aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of HPV genotypes in women between 18 and 70 years of age treated in health institutions in the Esmeraldas canton. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out with non-probability convenience sampling, using an anonymized database with molecular results for 23 viral genotypes. Results: The sample included 630 women; of these, 44.4% tested positive for HPV, with 26.2% infected with a single genotype and 18.3% with multiple genotypes. The most frequent high-risk genotypes were HPV 52, 58, 31, and 68, while HPV 81 was the most prevalent among low-risk women. The highest viral load was observed in women aged 25 to 31 years. Conclusions: The results reveal significant genotypic diversity, with a predominance of oncogenic types, which underscores the need to strengthen vaccination and screening programs tailored to the local epidemiological profile. These findings provide key evidence for public health decision-making in the region.