What fuels stakeholder impact on sustainability: a fuzzy DEMATEL analysis of the leather supply chain ecosystem

Abstract

The Indian leather supply chain, while economically vital, faces mounting environmental and social challenges due to fragmented sustainability practices. This study aims to identify and evaluate key practices of Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) within the leather sector, integrating economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Twenty SSCM practices were analysed using the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATEL) method to uncover their relative importance and causal interdependencies. Expert input was gathered from 75 stakeholders, equally representing government, industry, and civil society (25 respondents per group). The results identified “Supply Chain Orientation” and “SSCM Commitment” as the most influential drivers, while “Standards and Certification,” “Worker Safety,” and “Environmental Training” emerged as key dependent practices. The study provides a structured framework to help stakeholders prioritize sustainability interventions more effectively. This study extends prior research by applying a stakeholder-inclusive Fuzzy DEMATEL approach in the leather industry, which has not been comprehensively examined in this context. The findings offer insights aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 9, and 13, guiding policymakers, industry leaders, and advocacy groups in targeting the most impactful levers for sustainable transformation in the leather supply chain.