Etnobotánica, etnofarmacología y toxicidad de geranium ayavacense willd. Ex kunth y geranium sessiliflorum cav. (geraniaceae): una revisión

Abstract

Background: Species of the genus Geranium have been used since ancient times in the world, Geranium ayavacense and Geranium sessiliflorum are use due to their various medicinal properties, are even dispensed in hospitals. Both species have several common names, being "pasuchaca" the most used name to refer to them; this could lead to identity confusions and even adulteration problems. Therefore, this review aims to analyze and contrast medicinal use with the pharmacological effects, in order to identify the scientific gaps on these two plant species. Methods: Relevant information was obtained through systematic searches, in databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect and PubMed. In addition, information from primary sources not covered by them, such as thesis repositories, was included. According to geographical distribution, botanical aspects, traditional use, phytochemical, ethnopharmacology and toxicity information was analyzed and organized. Results: 20 studies about these plants, the majority ethnobotanicals, were reported. The plant, fresh or dried, is used in decoction or infusion. The use of Geranium ayavacense as hypoglycemic and antibacterial, has more evidence; while Geranium sessiliflorum was studied for its antibacterial activity. However, there are scientific gaps regarding other therapeutic properties conferred on them by traditional medicine. Conclusions: In spite of the scarce available scientific information, these plants are widely used, a situation that could even put the health people at risk; therefore, it is essential to carry out deeper studies, with a phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological approach.