Motoric cognitive risk syndrome—Setting the course for dementia prevention?

Abstract

Background: The predicted increase in adults with dementia will pose a major challenge for the German healthcare system. To mitigate this challenge, the early detection of adults with an increased risk of dementia is crucial. In this context, the concept of motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome has been introduced into the English literature but is currently relatively unknown in German-speaking countries. Objective: What are the characteristics and diagnostic criteria of MCR? What is the impact of MCR on health-related parameters? What is the current state of evidence regarding the risk factors and prevention of the MCR? Material and methods: We reviewed the English language literature concerning MCR, the associated risk factors, and protective factors, similarities or differences with the concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and its influence on the central nervous system. Results: The MCR syndrome is characterized by subjective cognitive impairment and a slower gait speed. Compared to healthy adults, adults with the MCR have a higher risk of dementia, falls, and mortality. Modifiable risk factors provide a starting point for specific multimodal lifestyle-related preventive interventions. Conclusion: As MCR can be easily diagnosed in practical settings, it could become an important concept for the early detection of adults with an increased risk of dementia in German-speaking countries, although further research is necessary to empirically confirm this assumption.