Monitoring Land Use and Land Cover Changes Prospects Using Remote Sensing and GIS for Mahanadi River Delta, Orissa, India

Abstract

Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) were employed to monitor land use changes utilizing quantum ArcGIS, and ERDAS Imagine was done to predict LULC changes in India. This research studied the variations in LULC in the Mahanadi River basin delta, Orissa, for the years 2010, 2015, and 2020. Landsat satellite pictures were employed to track the land use changes. For the categorization of Landsat images, maximum-likelihood supervised classification was applied. The broad categorization identifies four primary groups in the research region, including (i) waterbodies, (ii) agriculture fields, (iii) forests, (iv) barren lands, (v) built-up areas, and (vi) aquaculture. The findings indicated significant growth in forests from 2010 to 2020, but a substantial increase in barren lands had happened by 2020, while built-up land use has witnessed a quick climb. The kappa coefficient was used to measure the validity of identified photos, with an overall kappa coefficient of 0.82, 0.84, and 0.90 for the years 2010, 2015, and 2020, respectively. However, a significant drop will occur in agriculture fields in the predicted years. The study effectively demonstrates LULC alterations showing the substantial pattern of land use change in the Mahanadi delta. This information might be valuable for land use management and future planning in the region.