Compulsory criteria for sustainable environmentally friendly energy

Abstract

Indonesia commits the Paris Agreement COP 21 related to handling climate change and the 13th Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the United Nations. The two agreements require the fulfillment energy of large, reliable, environmentally friendly and sustainable energy. The provision of environmentally friendly energy is generally associated with (1) low greenhouse gases produced, always related to renewable energy. This paper is a study of the re-definition of “environmentally friendly energy”, adding that energy supply requirements must be (2) minimal in land use, (3) maintain ecosystem balance, and (4) properly manage waste. With these 4 criteria, an assessment of renewable energy is carried out, namely water, wind and solar, while new energy is nuclear. In addition to these 4 environmentally friendly criteria, energy sources must have sustainable properties. The new energy sources become transitional energy that will replace fossil energy whose sources are dwindling. Short-term sustainability is 24 hours, uninterrupted, while long-term is the availability of mining resources that ensure the sustainability of these energy sources. The study concludes that hydro/hydro energy and nuclear energy are the most environmentally friendly and sustainable combinations of energy providers compared to wind and solar energy.