Relationship between clinical indicators of periodontal disease and serum level of Vitamin D

Abstract

Background Vitamin D is obtained through food and nutritional supplements, or is synthesized in the skin by sunshine. It is then transferred to the liver and kidney through the bloodstream and hydroxy lated by specific enzyme (cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1, cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1) to form 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D. The vitamin D synthesis facilitates calcium and phosphorus absorption from the intestines. Parathyroid hormone helps to synthesize 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D to aid calcium absorption. Objectives Many researchers have investigated the relationship between the serum vitamin D levels and periodontal disease. And periodontal disease indicators such as bleeding on probing, pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, and cemento enamel junction-alveolar crest have been used to identify the effects of vitamin D on periodontal disease. The effects of vitamin D on bacteria or cytokines have also been investigated. In this review article, vitamin D levels according to the status of periodontal disease were summarized. Data sources PubMed was searched electronically, and randomized clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies were included in the review. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods Articles that the classification of periodontitis was accurately described, indicators for identifying periodontitis was clearly marked, and the form of vitamin D measured in the study was accurately described were selected. Only highly relevant journals were selected and summarized. Results Most of the research has found positive associations between the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level and periodontal health, and the clinical parameters of periodontal disease were reduced by vitamin D. Limitations Detailed categorization of the characteristics associated with the 25-hydroxy vitamin D level should be needed in future studies. Conclusions This review article can be used as a guide by clinicians and as a reference book for patient’s education.