The changing face of HIV and AIDS

Abstract

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major problem worldwide and avoiding acquisition is paramount. However, its progression to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death has been transformed by using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), primary and secondary prophylaxis, viral load assay and resistance testing. Vertical HIV transmission is dramatically reduced by antiretroviral therapy for mother and baby, elective Caesarian section and avoiding breast feeding. In the Western world, using all management options, HIV-infected individuals look forward to remaining well for longer, having a healthy child and to extended survival. Even in resource-limited countries, with limited treatment options, reducing vertical transmission is possible with shorter course, cheaper antiretroviral therapy. The face of HIV and AIDS is changing.