Predicting Anxiety Symptoms Based on Confrontation With Existential Issues: The Moderating Role of Defense Mechanisms

Abstract

Objective: One of the most common and recent highlighted psychological problems is anxiety symptoms. This study investigated the moderating role of defense mechanisms in the relationship between confrontation with existential issues (death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness) and anxiety. Methods: A total of 389 students (218 men and 171 women) of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, in the academic year 2017-2018 were randomly selected as the research sample. In this study, anxiety symptoms, death anxiety, loneliness, meaning in life, responsibility, and defense style were measured. The obtained data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and stepwise and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Mature and immature defense mechanisms moderated the prediction of anxiety symptoms by confrontation with loneliness and responsibility. Neurotic defense mechanisms moderated the prediction of anxiety symptoms by confrontation with death, anxiety, loneliness, and responsibility. Conclusion: Defense mechanisms affect the amount of relationship between confrontation with existential issues and anxiety.