Synthesis, characterization of novel PLGA encapsulated indole nanoparticles and study of its cytotoxic potential against A549 lung cancer cell line

Abstract

Indole and its derivatives are gaining importance because of their anti-cancer activity. Here, we have reported the synthesis and characterization of novel polymeric poly D, L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) indole nanoparticles, and investigated their cytotoxic potential against A549 lung cancer cells. Materials and methods: Nanoparticles were synthesized by solvent emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method. Size determination was done by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), encapsulation efficiency using UV-Vis spectra, release kinetics using dialysis, measurement of drug-polymer interaction by Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and surface charge by zeta potential. Cell viability of lung cancer cells (A549) was determined by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and morphological analysis. Results: Nanoparticles were spherical in shape with an average diameter of 65 nm, encapsulation efficiency was found to be about 78% and zeta potential was -15.2mV. Drug-loaded nanoparticles showed sustained release kinetics fitting well in exponential Higuchi and Zero order Model. FTIR studies showed a broadening of the peak of PLGA indole nanoparticles at 2100-3400 cm-1 indicating the formation of drug-loaded nanoparticles. These nanoparticles showed about 95% cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cell lines. Results were supported by visible morphological changes in cells. Conclusion: PLGA encapsulated Indole nanoparticles were stable, having sustained release and good cytotoxic potential.