Exercise and depression: a treatment manual

Abstract

Increased frequencies in unipolar major depression and dysthymia evolve into chronic depression (Gotlib and Hammen 1992:11). Depression is reportedly the most common disorder, comprising 75% of all psychiatric hospitalisations (Gotlib and Hammen 1992:17). In the South African context there are few effective manual-based therapy programmes for the treatment of unipolar major depression or dysthymia. This study aimed to develop a manual-based therapy programme for the treatment of unipolar major depression as well as dysthymia, comprising a short-term intervention strategy (a minimum of eight sessions, and a follow-up session) influenced by a cognitive behavioural model focusing on exercise therapy and medication. The control group received non-specific treatment. The research results indicated a shift in different mood constructs for the sample group, as measured by the Nowlis Mood Adjective Checklist. Furthermore, negative emotional states decreased in severity and positive states increased, during and after the intervention. A significant decrease in depression scales was also found, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Millon Multi-Axial Inventory II. Furthermore, the personal accounts of the clients were used to gain insight into changing cognitive structures and perspectives, which indicated an increase in concentration, motivation and sense of control.