Paradoxe auswirkungen von lob und tadel: Personale und situative moderatoren

Abstract

Praise following success and a neutral reaction following failure can inform the assessed person that he or she has been judged as ungifted by the sanctioning individual. On the other hand, neutral reactions following success and blame following failure can lead the person to the assumption that he or she has been assessed as being talented (see Meyer, 1992). Two studies examined under which conditions such apparently paradoxical effects of praise and blame occur. In the first experiment, subjects' beliefs about the causes and reasons of praise and blame were assessed. It was found that praise and blame had less paradoxical effects when the subjects believed that the sanction was related to liking. The second study used a priming procedure. Participants confronted with a picture of a social topic estimated less "paradoxically" than individuals, confronted with a picture of an achievement scenario.