Effect of Extraction and Spray Drying Temperatures on The Bioactive Materials Content in Red Dragon Fruit Skin

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of extraction and spray drying temperatures on the yield of bioactive materials during the production of dragon fruit skin extract powder as a natural food colorant. Extraction temperature was varied between 25 and 48 °C, and spray drying was conducted at 140, 170, and 190 °C. Moreover, the effects of spray drying aids were also evaluated. At extraction temperatures below 50 °C, higher temperatures resulted in a higher yield of bioactive materials and a significant increase in antioxidant activity. Regarding spray drying, the use of higher air inlet temperatures resulted in a peaking trend of yield from spray drying. However, employing high air inlet temperatures (above 170 °C) for spray drying may result in a decrease in the recoveries of bioactive materials due to the higher degradation rates. Finally, the addition of maltodextrin as a carrier agent in spray drying could enhance the powder yield.