Collective Spatial Strategies in Urban Kampung Communal Toilet

Abstract

Living in a high-density urban kampung with limited space and resources involves challenges to meet basic service needs. Various collective spatial systems represent the community strategies in dealing with their limited situation. This paper addresses the communal toilet system in urban kampung as a collective spatial system developed by the community. The study identifies various spatial strategies incorporated within the system, as well as social structures embedded within the spatial practice. The understanding of the spatial and social systems in the communal toilet system provides some insights for the development of appropriate spatial strategies for urban kampung communities.