More sustainability in Europe's vineyards – Using resistant grapevine varieties to reduce the input of pesticides

Abstract

Societal Impact Statement: Widespread adoption of disease-resistant grapevine varieties presents a significant opportunity to revolutionize viticulture and address pressing environmental concerns. By reducing reliance on chemical pesticides, these varieties align with the European Commission's Green Deal objectives, striving for sustainable agricultural practices. Despite initial hesitancy among winegrowers and consumers, shifting attitudes towards sustainability and environmental consciousness are fostering increased acceptance of these varieties. As the market evolves, coupled with supportive policy measures for adoption, disease-resistant vines are poised to significantly expand their presence in European vineyards. This transition not only mitigates environmental impact but also ensures the long-term viability and resilience of viticulture. Summary: Sustainable agriculture and most prominently the reduction of pesticides is one of the main goals of the European Unions (EU) agricultural policy. As viticulture uses around 70% of the fungicides in the EU, there is substantial pressure on winemakers to reduce their pesticide input. On top of the political goal, winegrowers face increased pressure from the public demanding a more sustainable production of wine. Since the introduction of downy mildew, powdery mildew, and other pests and pathogens from North America to Europe in the 19th century, substantial breeding efforts were undertaken to develop disease-resistant varieties and reduce the amount of plant protection products needed for harvesting healthy grapes. Today's winegrowers in Europe can choose from many new varieties, allowing them to reduce fungicide input by 50–80% and produce high-quality wines on par with the valued traditional cultivars. This review will provide an overview on the current situation of disease-resistant varieties in European viticulture. Selected breeding institutions and private breeders will be introduced, and their most important grapevine varieties presented. Many resistant varieties are available for winegrowers today, however, even the most robust new varieties will not lead to a more sustainable viticulture if the market does not accept them. The adoption and acceptance of new varieties by winegrowers and consumers is still rather low, but the interest in these varieties is rapidly growing. The production of grafted vines of disease-resistant grapevine varieties allows the estimation that the area of disease-resistant varieties will significantly grow in the next years.