Prevalence of low bone mineral density among people living with HIV

Abstract

Abstract: Increased prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures among people living with HIV (PLWH) have been reported. The aim of the DANHIV-OSTEO study is to longitudinally monitor BMD among successfully treated PLWH. Here we report the baseline Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) data. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of mode of analysis on BMD results. Well-treated PLWH aged 40-70 (women) and 50-70 years (men) were included. Using T-scores and a newly described Z-score grading we investigated the frequencies of low BMD. Logistic regression models were used to delineate the influence of age, sex, BMI, smoking, exercise, tenofovir (TDF) and protease inhibitor (PI) usage on low BMD (Z/T scores < -1). 226 PLWH had baseline DXA scans. The frequency of low BMD was 57 % (osteopenia and osteoporosis: 44 and 13 %). Higher age, current smoking and male sex were associated with higher risk of low BMD. Higher BMI and exercise were protective. We found an OR suggesting a negative effect of TDF. PI usage was not associated with low BMD. Mode of analysis influenced the findings. Low BMD was highly prevalent among Danish well-treated PLWH. Neither TDF nor PI usage was significantly associated with low BMD. Greater uniformity in the mode of analysis is recommended.Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.