Mycotoxins as a risk in the grain food

Abstract

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi that contaminate a large variety of foods and have toxic effects on humans. The best protection against mycotoxins is to monitor their presence in food. This paper shows the screening results of mycotoxins present in 76 samples of different groups of grain foods. Samples of grain food were analyzed for contamination with aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol. Analysis were conducted using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). None of the samples was contaminated with aflatoxins. The most predominant mycotoxin was ochratoxin A with the mean level of 4.84 ? 4.49 ppb in 19.7% of the examined samples. Zearalenone, fumonisins, and deoxynivalenol were found in 9.21, 14.5 and 3.9% of the samples, respectively. Mycotoxin content in the investigated samples was compared with the regulations of Serbia and those of the European Union.U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati skrininga mikotoksina u prehrambenim proizvodima na bazi zita. Uzorci su analizirani direktnom enzimskom imunoafinitetnom metodom ELISA, upotrebom Neogen Veratax? testova. U 76 uzoraka na bazi zita odredjen je sadrzaj aflatoksina, ohratoksina A, zearalenona, fumonizina i deoksinivalenola. Cilj rada je bio da se odredi koncentracija navedenih mikotoksina i da se njihova kolicina uporedi sa Pravilnicima Srbije i Evropske Unije, kao i da se ukaze na rizik prisustva mikotoksina u ovoj vrsti prehrambenih proizvoda. Mikotoksini su detektovani u 34.2% uzoraka, a u 13.2% kolicina mikotoksina je bila veca od maksimalno dozvoljene propisane pravilnikom Evropske Unije. Ni u jednom od analiziranih uzoraka nisu pronadjeni aflatoksini. Ohratoksin A je pronadjen u najvecem broju uzoraka (19.7%), zatim fumonizin (14.5%), zearalenon (9.21%) i deoksinivalenol (3.9%).