Risks in the use of BIM 5D in the estimated cost of the project tender phase

Abstract

The implementation of the tender raises different chances of failure for several participating companies. If a company participates in a tender, there will be risks that it can fail to win the bid. The best bidder is greatly influenced by how the bidding process is handled. In the process of bidding activities carried out by the contractor is to make an estimation of the cost of carrying out the work by taking into account the cost of all the necessary resources such as labor, materials, equipment, and finance along with the cost of the work being subcontracted, overhead and profits. Technological developments in the industrial era 4.0 has risen to a new method for the accuracy of the cost estimation process at the tender stage, namely BIM 5D. The application of BIM 5D in construction projects is believed to provide benefits to the cost performance of construction projects. However, every technology and method used has risks that may occur. The purpose of this paper is to identify what risks occur when using BIM 5D. This study uses survey methods, literature studies, and case studies, and then data analysis uses the Delphi method. The results of the study show that there are 8 highest risks in using BIM 5D; Scope of work is not available in a complete and clear manner, Incomplete project information, Error in making work breakdown structure, There is no standardized BIM Deliverable, Lack of collaborative work processes and modeling standards, The use of BIM-based software that is not integrated with each other, Lack of compatibility of the software used, and Inaccuracy in inputting sizes and specifications from 2D images to 5D BIM-based software. If considering the results of these risks, it is hoped that the use of BIM 5D can improve the accuracy of cost estimation calculations at the project tender stage.