A fast flare and direct redshift constraint in far-ultraviolet spectra of the blazar S5 0716+714

Abstract

The BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714 is one of the most studied blazars on the sky due to its active variability and brightness in many bands, including very-high-energy gamma rays. We present here two serendipitous results from recent far-ultraviolet spectroscopic observations by the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). First, during the course of our 7.3 hr HST observations, the blazar increased in flux rapidly by 40% (-0.45 mag hr-1) followed by a slower decline (+0.36 mag hr -1) to previous FUV flux levels. We model this flare using asymmetric flare templates and constrain the physical size and energetics of the emitting region. Furthermore, the spectral index of the object softens considerably during the course of the flare from αν ≈ -1.0 to αν ≈ -1.4. Second, we constrain the source redshift directly using the 30 intervening absorption systems. A system at z = 0.2315 is detected in Lyα, Lyβ, O VI, and N V and defines the lower bound on the source redshift. No absorbers are seen in the remaining spectral coverage (0.2315 < z Lyα ≲ 0.47) and we set a statistical upper bound of z < 0.322 (95% confidence) on the blazar. This is the first direct redshift limit for this object and is consistent with literature estimates of z = 0.31 ± 0.08 based on the detection of a host galaxy. © 2013. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..